Incandescent mantle.



A. HERSKVITZ. NCANDL'SCENT MANTLE. APPLICATION FILED DEU. 27, 1909.

1,107,518. Patented Aug.18,1914.

2 SHBETS-SHEET 1` [l l.. 'Il l/C A. HERSKOVITZ. INCANDESCENT MANTLE.

APPLICATION FILED 11130.27, 1909.

l, l 07,5 1 8, Patented Aug. 18, 1914.

8 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2. 111111 i Walk 4 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ABRAHAM HERSKOVITZ, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

mennen-sonni' MANTL;

'Specicatioiifofr Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 18, 1914.

Application filed December 27, 1909. serial No. 535,140.

To alti/)hom it may concern: lie it known that I, AnRAltiM Hnnsiiovi'iz,a citizen. of the United States, residing .at

-(,`hi -ag`o, in the county of Cook and State to that class ofincandescent mantles.v

which are especially adapted for use on inverted gas burners, adistinguishing characteristic of which that the mantle has a closed cudor terminal which is rounded or dome-shaped, the shape preferablyapproximating, as closely as possible, a hemisphere, but precision inthis respect is not essential as the functional requirements of themantle will be niet by any form having a substantially smooth convexsurface.'

Theobject of the invention is to provide a mantle of this class ofimproved construction and while some of the important advantages of theYinvention manifest themselves in the low cost of manufacture, incidentto facilitating the method or process of manufacture and minimizingwaste, still others are inherent in the completed mantle itself.

l All'of the advantages ofthe invention maybe 'tube of this fabric.

best set forth by a description which includes the several steps in themethod or process of iininufacture as Well as the severalcharacteristics of the completed mantle which result from carrying outVsaid method oi' process. Incandescent iiiantles'of the class mentionedare usually` made of lloose-ly woven textile fabric and the lirst stepin the process of manufacture is the forming` of a This tube lmay beformed by stitching together the edges o f a strip vor comparativelylong and narrow sheet of such fabric, which has been first, woven in theflat,- oiit may be made by weaving or knittingr the f. bric in the formof a tube, in the first insance. .This is a detail which is immaterialso far as the presentinvention is concerned, the essential feature inthis `respect beiner the provision of a tube of loosely woven textilefabric. Nor is it essential by what method or process the fabric ismade, the term Woven7 being herein used iii a generic sense and intendedto comprehend any loose or open mesh fabric, whether made by weaving,knitting, or otherwise. The characteristic intended to be included bythe expression loosely woven is that the fabric shall have the propertyof expansibility or extensibility in order that it` may stretch or givemore or less, and conform to a pattern or former of the shape which itis desiredto give to the closed end or terminal of the mantle.

.The invention consists in. the several features of noveltythat arehereinafter described witli reference tothe accompanying drawings, whichare made apart of this specification and which show mantles of severalspecific forms, all embodying the generic invention.

Inthe drawings Figure 1 is a diagram- 'mat-ic view showing a length ofthe tubing of which one species or form of mantle einb ody'ing thegeneric featuresof the invention is made after a step in shaping thetube inthe process of forming the mantle has been taken. Figs. 2 to 4inclusive are views thereof showing it at several different stagesduring the forn'iiiig process, the views being Ataken from different.positions. Figs. 5 and (5 are, respectively, a side view and an vendview of `a completed mantle made by follow-4 ing the foi-ming processillustrated in Figs.

1 to t inclusive, and which, for the'purpose of this application, iselected as the preferred forni of the invention. vFig. 7 is adiagrammatic view of a length of the tub? ing- ,r of slightly modifiedform after a subsequent step in the forming of a mantle therefrom hastaken place. Figs, 8 and 9, are., respectively, a side View and an endView of a completed mantle made thereof. Fig. 10 is a diagrammaticViewof a length of tubing similar to that shown iii Fig. l after asubsequent step in the process of forming the mantle has been' taken.Figs. 1'1 and 12,. are, respectively, a side view and atrend view'of acompleted manl-le made thereof. Figs. 13 and 14 are diagrammatic viewsof lengt-hs of tubing l 5511111" to .that shown iii Fig. 1 after Someiiie subsequent steps of somewhat m0dilie-'i character have been takeniii the process of forming mantles thereof.

Adopting the terms from the art of Weaving, those threadsor rather theseportions of1the tl'irea-ds--wvhich extend parallel or substantiallyparallel with the axis of the tubing or in the general.direction of itslength, before the process of forming and shaping it into the form of amantle is begun, are herein called the Warp, by whatever process thefabric is made, while those that extend transversely ot` the warp areherein called the Woof.

The stitches, or loops, or thread-formation of the fabric is not shownaccurately and in detail by the drawings butr only diagrammatically, bystraight lines,-the warp by the heavy lines which are parallel with orin the general longitudinal direction of the axis ot the tube, and thewoot by the lighterl transverse lilies.

Referring'tirst to Figs. l vto (3 inclusive, A. represents an integralblank, or length of tubing which is flattened out, or folded uponalongitudinal plane of its axis. Its opposite sides are then united faceto face by a scam B formed by a continuous row of stitches which passcompletely through both layers ot' the fabric, said seam extendingacross the tube at right angles to the warp and located a suitticientdistance from one end of the tube to c\use the stitches to firmly takehold ot all th warp threads, leaving short raw edges, (l, which may betrimmed ott it necessary. ',l`his\`completely closes one end ot thetube. Thetube is then folded longitudinally upon an axial plane which isperpendicular to the plane first aforesaid, as indicated by the dottedline fr-j1/, and also transversely upon the straight line z-z and uponangular lines z'- 1/-2, bringing the tube to the shape or conditionshown in F igs. 2, 3 and 4. That is to say, the sides of the mainportion ot the tube, above the intersec- `tion of the line -Jg/ with theline z-e lie flat against each other, and upon opposite sides of theaxial plane -y as shown more clearly in Fig. 2. It will also bring thoseportions, D, of the tube which are bounded by the lines e'fg/-ve into aplane which is perpendicular to the axis of the tube and those portions,E, of the tube which are below the lines e-Ag/z and below the line z--zto positions parallel with and fiat against thc portions, D. Therelative positions of the several parts, after these steps are taken,are such that they will present the appearance of the letter T, as shownin Fig. Q. when viewed in the direction of the arrow, 2, in Figs. 3 and4, and the appearance shown in Fig. 3 when viewedin the direction of thearrow, 3, in Fig. 2 and the appearance of a square, as shown in Fig. 4,when viewed in the direction of the arrow, 4, Fig. EZ. The overlappingportions, D and E, are then united by two parallel rows of stitches,forming seams, F, which are perpendicular to .the seam, B, and arelocated cquidistant from the axial plane :r-g/ ot the tube and at suchdistance apart as to contract the closed end of thc tube to the desiredextent. It,

l will be observed that the seam, B, is'exactly at right angles to allof the warp threads intersecting it so that said intersecting warpthreads are all connected and held with such firmness that they cannotbe pulled out or the fabric be stretched or distcnded in the line of thewarp, thus making the structure stronger and more durable than would bethe case if the seams were oblique to the warp. It will be observed alsothat the seams, F, are at, right angles to tbeintersecting warp threadsof the portions, D, while they are parallel with said xthreads of theportions, E, so that, notwithstanding this last-'named condition, cachand eveiy one of the. vfarp threads is caught and held by the stitchesof the seams. I desire to have it understood however, that while theright angular relations of the seams and the warp threads arepreferable, still some features of the invention may be availed of in astruo turc in which the seams are oblique to the Warp, as willhereinafter appear in the description of some of the species shown inthe drawings. After the tube has been thus folded and stitched thesurplus material outside of the several seams is trimmed ofi' and thematerial thusttrimmed ott represents the only loss of material. Statingthis matter dilerently and more tersely, the tube is folded on one otits axial planes, ccf-y, one of its ends is closed by the seam, B, whichlies in a plane that is perpendicular to the axial plane aforesaid, eachhalf of the closed end of the tube is then folded. upon a plane which ispcr}n,ndicular to the aforesaid plane, in which the seam, B, lies, andthen uniting the opposite folds of each of the folded halves by a seamwhich lies in a 100 plane that is perpendicular to the plane in whichthe seam, B, lies. Then thus stitched and without any further treatmentof any kind, (with the exception ot trimming and turning it inside outif it be found necessary 105 or desirable to do either). the result ofthe preceding steps is a complete rag mantle, as it is known to thetrade. ln use, a rag mantle is not shaped teclniically sf.- called,before it as applied to the burner. It. is inil() tended for use onburners which are supplied with gas under a comparatively high pressureso that when the gas enters the mantle in its deflated condition it willdistend it and when ignited it will become highly in- 11b candescent sothat it will easily yield to the gas pressure within it and naturallyand automatically assume the proper shape. which is domedike. lVhcnintended for use in con-J ncetion with low pressure gas the mantle is120 shaped before it isfsent out to be placed upon the burner. Y N Inshaping a mantle made as' above described it is stretched over a patternlvon? former, the main body portion of which iS 1 2'5 preferablycylindrical and of greater diamoi` 5 ter than the length of the rows otstitches, F, and the length ot what remains ot the row of stitches, B,as indicated by the dotted circle in Fig. 4, and the end of this pattern130.

r turtnor is nt the t'nttndml nr mnvvx nhttpn, which it (limit-ell togin lin the tm'rninztl ot the completed mantle, :in Show n in Figs. andG. in afwtttning this shi-tp@ the lnln'itf is not tnztterinll't Qtr'ft@l n1: (listtnflell inthe lines nt tht1 warp lint'` it is more or lesssli-vtt-hnrl m' llislteniletl in the lint nt the Wont und tfptcnlljt' atthnsv put'titms whft'v tho rows of stitlhln. F. muws the warp. w that.the Gln/wvl @ntl m' tuitninrtl nt tht wmf pltetl nmntln will huw ihnrmp1, miwtnf't shown in 3 :tml thc thm-n Lfontnr; l5. l" :intl lf',:inputting in thtl lnrnt nt' thv lnttot' I--nr H.. tlvnmttlinn; ttmnthty tmsitimt in wl'tivh it uccnti0-e nhtn vinnwl. lt Wilt henntlerstmnl that within' litlmn nl zitter theI fitht'ic is plfttwl nnthel tnt-nier itY is stttnmtvtl with :t litnptxt' :sultztiwn :tnfl:tt'tvtit dries the imtnlt. will rffxtnin its Hhttpn :mit may he r0-nnt'wl twin thv t'm'nttt. in t-t-wlintf@` fnl use. ln limiting: :tnnsntln nt thf-x turni shown in Fig. S :tml l, :t :lat/wtinn nt'ttthing, ',lt :t hlnnlt' snwh mi in @linnn :it ,f't in l'igzf. 7 is:weil. Thi hlnnlt tlill'tgr'f-a from tho hhmlt. A, shnwn in Figi. L inthat! thv mit! nt tht, tttht: is Pontt'aliltvl :ha iw ff during; thopt'mtSS lit' itfnmnfits :nrullf nimh n -tirttthtt knitting ,wir tmsntizttlinn is prothnlf-l h): ti Watching @hv Stitflt in they Innnim'with lt wll lfnnwn in they nrt, ot' knitting; lhs, itrtvtsl nml nl' thttithe is thon ltr-vll it :inyllt rmt nf Stitches, l'mtninfg :t

mi. l.

f nn'n1fe -ltfiwn in Fig. l2 is Insult, tt'ntn :t tzzlzve f-t fr-tint;`A, which is ptmisly liktx Nfl thm itt-fwn in Vig. l :intl itS @ntl ischmul hy il"l tft slttlhvs tunning); :t shaun, li.

.ttmls :r

:lit iS gether hy running three. separate rows of stitches,successively, its separati operation` the, scz'tnttngv may he inne :tt:s @ingle operation. ('nlntnenting ttl. the mitm' enflnt" une nl tht tmdiagonal lines B" :tml proceeding thvncn uiting .will line tu itsintel'sertion with tlm linel l. thence along ywill line to its` intel'-wttinn with thtl other' diagonal line :tml them-t :thing the lnttnt toitav unter 0nd7 zitter thv mztnnvt' if singhz wirt ntl row of stitches,l, :1S shown in Fig. tel.

ln :ill ot thel stiva-:tl twins nt the invention the hlttnl( is snwrtfd,or :it any inte. it ttttninittes upon s1 cm'ttimw'tts transverse lint;the murs@ of which has no tlit'ett Cnnttmlling if-ltttion to theUltimate shun@ which the clfisetl @ntl of the mantley is to have. :tmlity is closed hy scztnting its opposite?y Sitlts ttigethor by umnt'inttntts row fw rows of v Stitclnw whit'h pnss through them. Thetiltinontinnmta and in this; the inein'nvtfl tmtnfl.

iS tilistingnhlnthle from :t nntnle thvr flnsvtl end 0r dome of which i5ffn'tnutl. at ltiztSt in part, of a wpnrntn piece nl' lttht'iuintlt'tttl und Stittht'd to antrther pievi, which twin4 the holly of themantle.

.ln ztll (it thtx Several forms of tha invert tion. starting with that.Stag@ in the procesa; nt' nntnttfactttrc :Vtt which there is A tithehavim;a :t Contracted QntL the'y shining nt' the Cnntt-nrrtwl Ondji.Qf'flwtnplishetl hy zt Single Smm cxtnnding timf-Veranly from rifle tnhln of the then open will nf thtl mantle. tl'itnsvmsmy me the wfttpthreads, :miel sernn being tnmle of stitnlws which pass Completelythrrntgh the, oppositeI Contacting Sides of the tuhn :intl securing thvmtogether, fave tn finie.

ln fill nl^ the Sevvrul forms 0f tlm int'tf'ntion with :ttul @very Warptltxntttl whit-h intnt'st-vts thc nlnsing .Qeftxn is tft'nssztl hy itt/i'tittvvt'selj; su mi to he caught. :intl litntly hnlfl hy the:Latitches of Whith tht aiming steunt ntrtflc: in they form shown inlfifln. 1 tt (i. int-limite sztitl cloning senin intrfl'mt'ts all oftltn warp threads :tt'right :ingles :ttul in thtl forum shown in Figa Yth int'lnflive, itintersncts some 0f thetn :it right :ingles andntltffis zit an :tltn'upt anglt. ln thttot-nts linnn in FigS. Yl t0 (i.invltiw. :tll it the Warp tht-ends tlmt are intntaevtetl h v tlm win--tmrtingr seams nr@ intl-www1 at right zur glas. In every imtitntfe whorezt Witt-p tln'efzul is intetsectetl hy :t sonni it is either :it right.nnglv or fen nhrnpt :ingle whereby Stihl thrumls are firmly naught andhold.

`In the prvtbt'itwl form 0f the invention th@ contracting statins lie inplanes which Chord stead of #mining the irte-Q nf the blank tol thecompleted mantle while the closing seam lies in an axial plane of themantle and intersects the closing seams centrally and at right angles,thus presenting the appearance of the letter I or the letter' H,according to the relative lengths of the seams.

I do not claim in this application a mantle which, when distended, has atubular body 1 `tion and a closed end or terminal of dome-shape, saidmantle being made of a single integral tube of fabric contracted at oneend and folded upon an axial plane of the tube so that its folds onopposite sides of said plane lie face to face and contact With eachother, and a closing seam consisting of stitches passing completelythrough both folds at the contracted end said seam being transverse tothe warp thrxuls of the tube, this being made the subject matter of mycompanion application of even date herewith, Serial No. 535,141.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: u

1. An incandescent mantle, made of fabric, having a tubular bod portionand a closed end or terminal of ome-shaped, the Warp threads beingparallel With the axis of the tubular body portion and crossed andcaught at the terminal or dome-shaped p0rtion by the stitches of acontinuous seam, which is less in length than the diameter of thetubular portion, when distended cylindrically, and which seam lies in adiametrical plane of said tubular portion, When distended cylindrically,and extends equal distances from the axis of the dome-shaped portion.

2. An incandescent mantle, made of fabric, and having a distendedtubular body portion and a distended dome-shaped end or terminal closingit at one end, said domeshaped terminal having three seams arranged inthe form of the letter H, all of which seams are less in length than thediameter of the distended tubular body portion, that seam which connectsthe other two at their mid-length to form the letter H being arranged ina diametrical plane of the tubular body portion and extendingcontinuously in opposite directions from the axis thereof, each of theWarp threads being caught and'erossed at right angles by the seam whichit intersects.

ABRAHAM HERSKOVITZ.

Witnesses:

MABEL E. MADER, LILLIE M. OATELLIER.

